1. Introduction to the Computer Memory

Fig 1.1 Data

• Data refers to basic pieces of information that a computer can collect, store, and work with. This includes facts, numbers, words, pictures, sounds, and more.

• Computers use data to:

  • • Perform calculations (like adding numbers).

    • Run programs (like games or apps).

    • Store information for later use (like saving your school project or report)

• Data can exist in different forms:

  • • In computer language, which the computer understands.

    • In human-readable form, such as text, images, or sounds, which we can see or hear on the screen.

• Examples of data:

  • • A list of students in a class.

    • Daily temperature records.

    • Photos saved in a phone.

    • Text messages or emails.

Let us watch a video to learn more about hardware and software

Fig 1.2 Information

• Information is data that has been processed, organized, or arranged in a way that makes sense and gives us meaning or understanding.

• In simple words, information = processed data. It helps us answer questions and make decisions.

• Primary Memory/ Main Memory: This is the computer’s working memory. It stores data and instructions while the computer is being used.

• Primary memory is of two types:

  • • RAM (Random Access Memory) 

    • ROM (Read-Only Memory) 

• Secondary Memory: This is long-term memory like hard drives or pen drives. It stores data permanently and holds more than main memory.

• Examples of Secondary Memory:

  • • Hard Disk

    • Solid State Drive (SSD)

    • Pen Drive

    • SD Card

    • CD (Compact Disc)

    • DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)

• Cache Memory: A small and super-fast memory. It stores data that is used often, so the computer can work faster.